Operations Management for Competitive Advantage

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage Introduction : Operations Management is present in many occupations as well as those of manufacturing and service industries. I believe it to be present in daily duties of any person although they may never notice. With this in mind I see operations management as a skill anyone has with an aim of achieving an outcome of something they are working towards in a logical process with thought of awareness of a system structure. Operations management has been around for some time yet it was Christopher Polhelm (Sweden) first recognised a skill and recorded that Nothing increases demand so much as low prices. Therefore there is a great need of machines and appliances which will diminish the amount or intensity of heavy work (Extract from text book Operations Management supplied by DMU for open learning please see bibliography) this was around 1700. There are cases in many history books and stories passed down that operations management was present before this yet not identified as operations management. From 1700 business development has grew significantly and seems to have been a notable point of operations management to present day. Operation management is depending upon five performance objectives i.e.ÂÂ  Quality, Flexibility, Cost, Speed and dependability. Quality: Quality means doing things right. An operation needs to be spotless and in order, have appropriate and attractive furnishings and make sure that the staffs are friendly and helpful. Quality reduces costs and increases dependability. Flexibility: The Flexibility facilitate to any changes. Different products and services need to be available, for example the opening times need to be varied as the main customers (students) have varying timetables. ÂÂ   Cost: The membership prices need to be a suitable price to facilitate students and people with different financial situations. The cost of hiring employment needs to be considered as well as the cost of the equipment. The lower the cost of producing their services, the lower the cost to the customer will be. This is a very attractive attribute, especially to students. Speed: The speed of the internal processes can reduce inventories and reduce risks. Dependability: The staffs want to be able to do things in time for the customers to receive their services. Being reliable causes the customers to become more loyal over time. Dependability can save time, save money and give support throughout the operation, internally and externally. In this assignment I try to focus on above all objectives and how manufacturing process is going? How much time taking each Department for their work? Why occur delay for delivery to Customer? Whats role of Human Resources in maintain Quality, Cost and Time? Why storage is create scarcity of space? Why quality is going down? Product value and Customer satisfaction Etc. Operation management find out best solution before arise problem. Operation Management is helpful for Decision making, Developing a process strategy, managing effective project, process analysing, Demand Forecasting, managing Quality, planning Capacity, managing Inventories etc. In this assignment I researched on Rama Newsprint Papers Ltd, India, which is largest private paper Production Company. It is running by more than 2000 workforce. This is manufacturing Cream Wove, Super printing, base paper for coating, map litho; SS map litho, Copier paper and newsprint etc. It has $ 50 million equity or spread over in 400 ac res land. RNPL has also own 23 mw Power plants. This company is huge in paper industry sector and I am sure it will be increase my knowledge in Operation management and its systems. Manufacturing Process of Newsprint Paper : The paper industry is basically based on wood and wood based pulp. But Rama Newsprint is produce paper by Recycling process. This plan is zero wastage process plans. Wastepaper is a key input in the production of newsprint, packaging paper and paperboards. Production of specialty paper involves the use of different varieties of pulp, which lend special quality to the paper. Here below illustrate whole manufacturing process of paper. R D and QC Department : This department play important role in manufacturing process. R D department is continuously taking sample from Raw material, Deinking and Paper machine for checking quality of ongoing process and find out anything wrong in the process. As per operation management quality is very important issue and this is handled by R D and QC department. Raw materials Department : Paper manufacturing is start from Raw materials department. This department is using Virgin Pulp, Local/Imported old newspaper (ONP), News Pams, Mixed office waste, Old Telephone Directory, Old magazine grade (OMG) for raw materials. But these all materials are available in wastage paper. This department is sorting fibre, plastic, iron, dust etc from west paper. Sorting is important part of process. If sorting is not good, quality of paper will be bad. This is very sensitive department and root of the process. This department retain maximum labour for sorting work. After sorting process this wastage paper send to Deinking department and complete their work. ( Ref C : http://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg ) Deinking Department : After completion of Raw materials sorting process, Deinking department is ready to start next process. In this department waste papers have been mixes with water and wash by Chemical. This departments core work is removing Ink from paper and converts in to Pulp by mixing Sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. The chips close into pulp in the resolution. Next the pulp is sent through filters.ÂÂ  BleachÂÂ  may be added at this stage, or colourings. The pulp is sent to the paper plant. Thats for this department called De-Inking. In this stage also mix some chemical for create brightness in paper and which is providing by CAPP department. This completed Pulp has been send to paper Machine Department and finished their work. Paper Machine Department : The pulp is next put through a beating and squeezing course called, properly enough, pasting. Inside a large container, the pulp is subjected to the produce of machine beaters. At this point, various packing materials can be supplementary such as chalks, clays, or chemicals such as titanium oxide. These additives will control the dullness and other qualities of the final product. Sizings are also added at this point. Sizing affects the way the paper will react with various inks. ( Ref C : http://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg ) In instruct to ultimately revolve the pulp into paper, the pulp is fed or pumped into colossal, automated machines. One ordinary category is called the Fourdrinier instrument. Pulp is fed into the Fourdrinier machine on a touching belt of bright mesh selection. The pulp is squeezed through a series of rollers, while suction strategy under the belt drains rotten water. If the paper is to obtain a water-mark, a device called a dandy moves across the sheet of pulp and presses a design into it. The paper then moves on top of the press part of the machine, where it is pushed between rollers of wool felt. The paper then passes over a series of steam-heated cylinders to eradicate the left over water. A large machine may have from 45 to 65 aeration cylinders. Finishing House Department: Finally, the dried paper is injuring onto large reels, where it will be additional processed depending on its last use. Paper is round and packed in further by passing through metal rollers called calendars. A particular finish, whether supple and waterless or solid and glossy, can be imparted by the calendars. The paper may be further ended by passing through a container of sizing material. It may also obtain a covering, which is either brushed on or rolled on. Covering ads chemicals or pigments to the papers outside, supplementing the sizing and fillers from previous in the course. Fine clay is often used as a covering. The paper may after that be supercalendered, that is, run from first to last extremely silky calendar rollers, for a closing time. Then the paper is cut to the wanted size. Product Wear House Department : This is the final stage of Paper process. This stage PWH department is packing cutter paper and send to storage or customer. This department is storage paper size wise on different place. Whenever requirement arise easy to find out and send to customer. Product life cycle of RNPL : When offering papers product to customer is that they have a variety. They have an enormous number of a ways of expenses their money and spaces to spend it. Therefore, Rama newsprint papers places considerable emphasises on developing a new paper product which customers want. Market research establishes exactly what this is. However customers requirements change overtime. What is fashionable and eye-catching today may be excess tomorrow. Marketing constantly monitors customers first choice. In order to assemble these changes, RNPL has tried to launch new product with change in old product. The type of selling undertaken and the amount invested will be dissimilar, depending on the phase a product has reached. For example, the begin on of a new product will classically involve television and other advertising support. At several time a company will have a variety of assets, a share portfolio integrated shares in a range of different companies of product each in a diverse phase of life cycle. Some of RNPLs option is going constant at the growth stage. Paper is a daily use product but not much profit making industry. In Indian market more than 800 paper industries are running in paper sector. So competition is on high level and also tough. Thats reason is for paper industries are not reach to maturity level of product life cycle. Process Flow Chart : A process chart is a set method of documenting all the activities performed by a person or group at a workplace, with a customer, or working with certain materials. It analyzes a process using a table, and provides information about each step in the process. It is used to drill down to the job level for an individual person, a team or a focused nested process. In this process five categories. Process flow chart with easy to identify gap between two process and this is giving idea to management for generating idea for resolve it. On below chart easy to identify marketing department send order to PWH department on right time. But lack of efficiency of PWH department, they are not putting in to process and make a delay. Also PWH department is looking storage department. But there negligence on work create scare of place. Here paper machine department have good efficiency in spite of they cannot work due to scarcity of space. So whole operations in PWH department is making delay in process. Quality Circle : Quality is important part in Paper Industry. If industry ignore to this concept, They will be loose their customer and lose their image in market. Rama Newsprint papers Ltd is also believe in this concept and Quality circle implemented in organisation. RNPL established department wise Quality circle committee and they meet to one time in a week. They discussed regarding problem, production, cost reduction idea, new technology, participative management, Decision making on new things etc.. They are tried to solve problem at department level. If its not possible than bring it to management level and search solution. Quality circle is good concept in management theory and RNPL completely follow to this and short out problem on root level and avoid delay. This is also responsible for cost saving and quality improvement. Porters Value Chain Michael Porter (1985) the strategic inventor of the Porter Value Chain constructed a chain effect understanding that every business should implement for logical understanding and awareness of its inputs and outputs as a business. He separated the business functions into primary and secondary methods, primary being dedicated to the product or service and secondary being supportive methods to aid the primary. Porters (Michael Porter 1985) Value Chain (VC). From the model suggests, that no issue how many operational units that are concerned in the course of generating customer value; these primary actions can be conceptualised into five common stages. The five primary stages are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These primary stages are supported by the firms infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and purchasing and procurement. The stages within the VC should not be seen in segregation but looked at in a wider context and include the connections between stages not just within the processes. The relationship between sales, operations and procurement for instance can determine how much stock is to be carried and therefore reflected in cost of inventory held. ( Ref Book Operation Management Processes and Supply Chain Lee, Larry Manoj ) Value activities are divided in to two types, Primary activities and support activities. Primary activities involved in the physical creation of the product, sales and transportation to the buyers as well as after sells services. Primary activity alienated into five categories. Support activities are support to primary activities and each other given that purchased inputs, technology, human resources and various firm-wide functions. Primary Activities : The primary activities of the organisation are group in to five main areas: Inbound logistics : RNPL concerned with receiving, storming and distributing the inputs to the products. In this included raw materials, handling, stock control, transportation etc.. Operation : the transformation of these various inputs into the final paper or newsprint : machine, packaging, testing etc. Outbound logistics : The collection, storage and distribution of the product to customers. In RNPL involves Product were house activities, material handling, transportation etc. In this part most important to bring services to customer on fixed location. Marketing sales : in this part RNPL create their own image in paper industry by advertising, highest production per day and strong administration department. Also loosening with customer and take a feed back of customer. Services : all the activities depend upon services after sells. After sells services consist of installation, start up of product, replacement, warranties etc. RNPL also provide quality assurance guarantees to customer. Support Activities : The support activities divided in to four areas. Procurement: all primary activity have been refers to the process of acquiring the various resource. This is the main part of the organisation. Human Resource management: RNPL is very poor about human resources and this is the main root of problem. Here value chain is play important role to emphasise more training development, motivation like monitoring non monitoring ways to workforce, recruiting skilled manpower. Technology development : Technology is directly related with product, process or resources. if employees do not understand how to operate equipment, its create big problem for firm. In RNPL most of the workforce recruit experienced with higher pay scale. This is increase production cost to firm. If they create their own workforce by providing T D to old staff is better than higher new staff. Infrastructure : RNPL plan lay out and infrastructure is good but some place require some change. Infrastructure is also consisting of the structure and routines of the organisation that sustain RNPL culture. This all activities are implement perfectly by RNPL is must be require for in competitive terms, value is the amount that buyer are willing to pay for what a firms provided them with product perceived value. Value chain model is very helpful to RNPL for win to paper market and therefore they have to implement and follow above all activities. So value chain is guide to industry how to win market and create own image in market. For RNPL has a value chain is key success. Recommendation : As student I cannot give the exact idea about reading just few papers for the company which is running successfully since 1991. Company has history of19 years they have created their name and fame through their working pattern and workforce who works for them. I am little bit small to evaluated and give the recommendation to the companys board of directors they are the genius in their planning and implementation of their Operation Management systems. 1 ) Most of the companies are manufacturing product depend upon order or make to stock. RNPL is also following these methods. But RNPL not use perfect performance metrics in process and these are the main reason for delay in manufacturing product. As a student I would like to suggest to RNPL, if they will follow some below formula for manufacturing process. Defiantly they will almost achieve their target. Operation time = Setup time Run time Throughput time = Average time for a unit to move through the system Speed = Throughput time Value-added time Cycle Time Example Suppose RNPL had to produce 10 paper roll in 50 hours to meet the demand requirements of a product. There are 3000 minutes (60 minutes/hour x 50 hours) in 50 hours. So the average time between completions would have to be: Cycle time = 3,000/10 roll = 300 minutes. Process Throughput Time Reduction All of this work done after RNPL should apply bellow main three concept for process. A ) It must be execute activities in corresponding. B ) Change the series of activities. C ) Reduce interruptions 2 ) Human Resource Management : Humans are core part of process and they have been a particular platform in Organization. Human is sensitive part of operation management. If employees are not satisfied, organization will loose target. Employees play important role in quality management and have a power to make decision that will improve quality and customer services. Strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation. RNPL is face lack of satisfaction in their employees and that for so many causes are responsible. I would like to suggest some ideas for implementing in company for success in paper sector. Employees are not satisfied with management systems. Management follows autocratic and close leadership and this is demotivate to employees. If RNPL will understand employees requirement and change the management styles towards employees, definitely company will get incredible growth. Change the management style from Autocratic to Liberal, means employees have been invite for decision making, Quality circle, participation in management, giving more responsibility etc.. These all are motivate to employees for achieving goal. RNPL should more focus on Technical commercial training to employees. Trained workforce is more productive as well qualitative and also Time saver. RNPL should be implement below T D activities through minimise cost, time and maintain quality. Create Apprentice force in the Organisation. Apprentice is productive, cheaper and easy to available. Provide more paper machine operation training to employees and these are useful for minimise cost and increase qualitative production. Job specification has been implementing in Organisation. Employees have been mastery in work through it. These is key of maintain quality, cost and time. Job rotation is also important part of operation. It should be implementing in RNPL. Also provide commercial training like time keeping, communication, leadership, cost reduction etc. 3 ) Raw materials department has been also needed some change for Time saving and Quality maintaining. In sorting work per bunch require maximum 20 to 30 minutes. But lack of inspection on labour makes delay in this process. Also sorting work is not going accurate. This is creating adverse impact on Paper quality and deinking departments system. So as per my suggestion management have to take strict step against labour. 4 ). Product wear house department is end of the manufacturing process part. This department is looking storage, separation and selling work. RNPL has lots of space for storage. In spite of arise scarcity of space due to lack of skilled staff. They have no any proper storage system which is helpful for identify thickness wise paper. So they have to implement storage system like inventory management system. 5 ) Central Engineering stores is located so far away from main core department in plan. Maximum time wasted in collection for equipment from store to concern department. If central department located near to core department, definitely maximum time will be saved by RNPL. Conclusion : I conclude that although most businesses look different in their operation most of them actually are similar because all businesses need a foundation to start off with and when they build from their foundations this is where differences occur because of their overall business plan in the 5 key business function. They are Operations Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, Accounting Finance and Information Management in which they operate from. They start to defer within the sectors they build their business on as every business has a different way of getting their products and services forward depending on the market they explore in which they try to dominate through success to keep the business alive. They key difference is how they outsource their organisational role and activities all depend on how the business is adapted to operate to meet the demand of the businesss activities. This is vital for the business to fulfil their organisational needs so the operation of the business is flawless and it will maximise their organisational productivity and stability. History of RNPL : ( Appendix 1 ) Rama Newsprint and Papers Ltd is largest private sector in Printing Writing paper manufacturing company at a single spot in India. It has 22 percent capacity of production in Indian newsprint sector, based on Virgin Pulp as well as Recycled fibre, to manufacture either 1,44,000 tonnes per annum of Newsprint or 1,80,000 tonnes per annum of Printing Writing paper or a mix of both. The paper mill was established in 1996. Its is set up with an equity of Rs. 233 crores ( US $ 50 million ) and spread over 450 acres of land in village Barbodhan, Gujarat, India, the company is managed by professional Board of Directors having enormous practice in related fields. The company is able to produce Newsprint and Writing paper from Virgin pulp as well as Non-conventional raw materials. The company has also demonstrated deep commitment to the cause of preserving the environment, by setting up a state of the artÂÂ  facility for manufacture of Environ friendly Chlorine free paper. The Company has its own Power plant and water works, means uninterrupted power and water supply leading to non-stop production. A causative feature is the internal engineering workshop for defensive maintenance and looking after leading to permanent invention of process, quality and productivity. Technical partnership with world best in the newsprint industry and aided by a highly qualified and committed workforce of about 500 personnel has now seen us expand into synergetic industries as well as set up an sell overseas existence in Asia and Africa. Water : RNPL has sufficient water bring for its plants and for general human use from Narmada Water Resources Department, Government of Gujarat. RNPL has also occupied a range of initiatives for water upkeep such as Rain water harvesting, recycling re-use of water in the process of manufacturing. Power : RNPL has 23 MW confined power plant installed at site, which ensures supply of quality power for permanent operation of the plant without any break due to power cuts. RNPL has also reserve unit of 17 MW installed at site. Majority of RNPLs power demand is met through confined plant. However It has power authorize boundary of 8500 KVA for paper mill and 550 KVA for raw water supply intake pump house from Gujarat Electricity Board in case of any possibility or surplus demand. Mission : To establish ourselves as leaders in the paper industry in terms of efficiency, productivity, profitability and above all, customer service..

Inuit Culture and Society Essay -- Culture

When you mention Alaska and the Arctic Circle, one envisions igloos, dog sleds, and invariably, Eskimos. However, little do most know, that what most refer to as Eskimos is actually a generalization representing three distinct groups. In order to understand the societies that live in this region and acknowledge their cultural differences we must explore the different groups that inhabit this region of which there are two: the Inuit, and the Yupik. For the purposes of this discussion we will focus on the lives of the Inuit. The Inuit are a group of people often mischaracterized as Eskimos. They lived in the area of central and northeastern Canada and Greenland. There has been much discussion of the orignination of this group of people but the most recognized theory is that they crossed from northern Asia across thin bridge of land over the Bering Strait sometime around 6000-2000 BC. Many people mistakenly think that the Inuit and Native Americans are one in the same. It seems that the Inuit most likely came from Asia more likely than the Native Americans. Although both probably came to the Americas through the Bering Strait. Biological, cultural and dialect differences show the different origin. Much of this theory is supported due to the close resemblance of the Inuit to the Mongoloid races of Eastern Asia. Because of the harsh land and climate of the Arctic, this area was probably one of the last regions to be inhabite d making the Inuit on of the earth’s younger cultures. A large portion of the Inuit culture was developed based upon the need to survive. Migratory societies such as the Inuit were driven by the need for food to feed its members, by the availability of trade to secure resources not normally available ... ...es, J. Sidney. (2012). Inuit, . Retrieved March 11, 2012, from http://www.everyculture.com The Inuit Culture. (2009). Retrieved March 10, 2012, from http://www.mythicjourneys.org Frederic V. Grunfeld (Ed.), Oker: Spiele der Welt II. (in German) Fischer, Frankfurt/M 1984. ISBN 3-596-23075-6 Betty Kobayashi Issenman: Sinews of Survival – The Living Legacy of Inuit Clothing. UCB Press, Vancouver 1997. Pulaarvik Friendship Kablu Centre (2007). Retrieved March 7,2012, from http://www.pulaarvik.ca Maas, David. "Alaska Natives," in Native North American Almanac, edited by Duane Champagne. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994. Craig, Rachel. "Inupiat." Native American in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia, edited Mary B. Davis. New York: Garland Publishing, 1994. Ernest Burch Jr., Werner Forman: The Eskimos. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman 1988, Macdonald/Orbis, London 1988

The effect of temperature on respiration

Every living thing respires in some way. There are two forms of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Areobic respiration only takes place in the presence of oxygen and is a far more efficient way for complexed organisms to convert carbohydrates into energy. There are four stages in aerobic respiration, Glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic respiration is far less efficient than aerobic, but can produce low yields of energy quickly. T6he overall equation for respiration is; C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy A respiratory quotient (RQ) is used to show what substrate is being used in respiration, it can also show if anaerobic respiration is occurring. The following equations can be used to calculate RQ: RQ = Volume of carbon dioxide given out in unit of time Volume of oxygen taken in unit of time Or RQ = moles or molecules of carbon dioxide given out Moles or molecules of oxygen taken in Prediction I predict that an increase in temperature will increase the respiration rate. The increase will only take place until a certain temperature is reached, the respiration rate will then start to decrease after that temperature. I think that the respiration rate will start to decrease after 50 C. This is because as the temperature increases, the enzymes and substrate molecules involved in respiration will gain more activation energy. This means that the enzymes and substrate are more likely to collide, and a reaction to take place. I think that respiration will reach its optimum rate at about 40 C, this is because enzymes work best at about this temperature, that is only providing that another factor, such as oxygen available, does not become a limiting factor. Preliminary work To test the effects of temperature on respiration a respirometer wil be used. A respirometer consists of two test tubes, an experimental test tube and a control tube, and a capillary U-tube. The experimental tube contains soda-lime solution with a wire gauze platform over it, with non-vertebrates in it. The control tube also contains soda-lime, with a wire gauze above it, with glass beads in it. Both tubes are sealed and attached to the u-tubing containing manometer fluid. A respirometer is suitable for measuring the rate of oxygen consumption of small terrestrial invertebrates. The Carbon dioxide produced in respiration is absorbed by a suitable chemical such as soda-lime or Potassium Hydroxide solution. The amount of oxygen used can be measured by reading the level of manometer fluid against the scale. Using a water bath alters the temperature. We did a test run using this equipment; germinating peas were used instead of small invertebrates. Only one test was completed, this was at room temperature no repeats were made. This was due to time restrictions. This test run taught us how to set up the equipment. We compared our results gained to reference book values and decided that they were reasonably reliable. Variables: * The surrounding atmospheric temperature of the water bath must remain constant to prevent anomalous results being obtained. * The atmospheric pressure must remain constant; this is ok because the experiment will take place in the same room all of the time. * A control tube is used to compensate in small changes in atmospheric pressure. * The same volume and concentration of NaOH must be used in every experiment; this is to prevent more or less CO2 being absorbed. * The mass of the invertebrates and the number of invertebrates must remain constant to prevent differences in respiration rates occurring. Five different temperature inputs will be used, these temperatures will be 10 C, 20 C, 30 C, 40 C and 50 C. These temperatures provide a good range for which varying respiration rates can occur. The enzymes involved in respiration will be working very slowly at both 10 C and 50 C. The optimal temperature for respiration can also be found using these temperatures. These changes in temperature will not do any harm to the invertebrates, by over heating them. Each test will be repeated three times to gain an average result and to remove any anomalous results as far as possible. Apparatus * Two large test tubes * Sodium Hydroxide solution * Two test tube bungs, with two holes in each * 4 capillary tubes * 1 capillary u-tube containing manometer fluid * 1Cm syringe * 8 maggots * Glass beads * 2 small pieces of wire gauze * 1 screw clip * 1 three way tap * Stopwatch Method 1. Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram above 2. Using the syringe, adjust the level of manometer fluid in the u-tubing to ensure that it is the same level at both sides 3. Seal the screw clip and record the level of manometer fluid every two minutes, over a period of 10 minutes. 4. repeat step 3 for the temperatures of 10 C, 20 C(room temperature), 30 C, 40 C and 50 C. These temperatures can be reached by using either a water bath or crushed ice 5. Each test must be repeated 3 times. 6. Record each result in a table and work out the average. Use the results to calculate the RQ values. Risk Assessment * The NaOH is corrosive, so it must be kept away from the invertebrates. Saftey goggles and a lab coat must be worn to protect eyes and clothes from NaOH. * Living creatures must be treated with respect * Any spillages must be mopped up immediately to prevent accidents occurring.

Analysis of Next Plc - 3995 Words

Analysis of NEXT plc and its environment Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 †¨2 OVERVIEW 2 2.1 The Market 2 2.2 The Company 3 3 ANALYTIC TOOLS 4 3.1 PEST - Analysis 4 3.2 SWOT - Analysis 7 3.3 Competitive Analysis 9 4 CONCLUSION 12 †¨5 MISSION STATEMENT 13 †¨6 OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES 14 6.1 Good quality and price 14 6.2 Relationship between Next and its environment 14 6.3 Shopping as en event 15 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 16 1 Introduction †¨This Report should give the reader an overview of the clothing retail market in general and an in-depth analyse of NEXT Plc in detail. The main emphasis in this essay are the Retail and Directive division of NEXT Plc because they are the cash generators. Furthermore it shows the current situation of NEXT, its†¦show more content†¦Due to the EU membership a trend can be seen towards stricter environmental protection legislation. This may have a direct or indirect effect on NEXT or his suppliers. Economic factors †¨Looking at the economic environment, it is somewhat tricky since on the one hand there is the strong sterling compared to the Euro. Euroland encourages imports and endeavours to hold domestic prices at an attractive level. But on the other hand it is difficult for the UK to be competitive outside its boundaries because of the high pound sterling exchange rate against the Euro. As NEXT sells about 96% in the UK marketplace, this may currently only have a limited effect, but could be more important in the future when thinking globally. †¨Fig. 2 This can also be seen on the Big Mac - Cross Rates table, where hamburgers sold in the UK are more expensive than in most other countries. So an investment outside the UK might be very attractive - also speaking of re-imports to transfer the goods back into the domestic market. Source: see Chapter 7 Another issue is the falling unemployment rate. 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Nonverbal Behavior and Communication-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. What are some examples of non-verbal communication? 2. Are non-verbal messages stronger when used with verbal messages? Why? Or Why not? 3. Do you tend to trust non-verbal messages more than verbal messages? Why? 4. What concepts did you find intriguing from the video? 5. What was the main message in the video? 6. How would you enhance your own personal non-verbal communication? 7. What influence could your body language have on the perception of your future patients towards you? 8. From your newfound understanding of non-verbal body language; how can this information impact your ability to respond effectively to clients of different cultural backgrounds? 9. What non-verbal cues may you need to be aware of when caring for your clients? How will you respond? 10. Describe a situation in your personal life in which you used non-verbal communication. Was the result of this situation positive or negative? Why? 11. How do you plan on becoming a more assertive communicator as a LPN? What are the barriers you may face in this communication style transition? Answers: 1.Some examples of non-verbal communication include body language. Body language includes various gestures such as shaking hands, patting the back, different types of touch, hugging, pushing, along with facial expression, eye contact, and gestures. Additionally, other kinds of non-verbal communications include haptics, appearance, paralinguistics, and proxemics. Around 7% non-verbal communication is used daily while establishing effective communication. Effective use of non-verbal communication ensures communicating positive language to the other party (Knapp, Hall Horgan, 2013). 2.Non-verbal messages are stronger compared to verbal communication because the body language tends to reflect individual actions that are not actually expressed verbally. Verbal communication might make the individual calm and positive towards the other individual but the body language used towards the other individual might demonstrate a sense of dominance, power, fear or being bossy (Burgoon, Guerrero Floyd, 2016). 3.Yes, trusting non-verbal messages is essential than verbal messages. This is because non-verbal messages help in understanding the actual motive, opinion, and mindset of one individual for the other. For example, being a host, the host needs to put the hand on the shoulder of the guest and take him inside the house. However, if the opposite happens and the guest puts the hand on the shoulder of the host and takes him inside, the non-verbal action sends the message of being dominant (Lemonnier, 2012). 4.In the video, the concept of body language in terms of non-verbal communication is extremely intriguing. This is because, the video analyses the body language, facial expressions, and gestures of various world leaders and celebrities. What otherwise would just look like shaking a hand or putting a hand around the shoulder or holding own fingers like kids, the video helps in analysing the inner meaning of the body gestures for the world leaders and the celebrities ("Secrets of body language HD", 2017). 5.The main message in the video is the significance of non-verbal communication in terms of body language, gestures and facial expressions that world leaders and celebrities use for communicating with each other. The video also demonstrates the significance of observable body language in terms of non-spoken signals that are being exchanged. The video also highlights the meaning of individual body language that reveals the actual meanings and feelings towards others ("Secrets of body language HD", 2017). 6.One of the most effective way of improving own personal non-verbal communication includes paying more attention to non-verbal signals along with looking for incongruent behaviours. I need to concentrate more on the voice while communicating with others by making appropriate eye contact. Moreover, I need to try and analyse the body language, postures and facial expression of others that will help me in improving my own non-verbal communication (Leathers Eaves, 2015). 7.Appropriate use of body language such as making appropriate eye contact, the voice tone while communicating and physical gesture will help in influencing my patients to communicate with me freely. Positive body language will help in comforting the patients, as I will be able to ensure that they are comfortable and not hesitant. This would help me in providing better care and treatment for the patients. 8.From the newfound understanding of non-verbal body language, it can be asserted that different cultures have a different meaning for different body language or physical gestures. For example, one culture might demonstrate the sense of power by entering last from the door whereas for another culture it might be different. Therefore, while cross-cultural communication, the individuals from different cultural background needs to know the significance and meaning of body language of other culture in order to avoid any offense (Siegman, 2014). 9.The main non-verbal cues that I need to be aware while caring for the clients are crossed arms, a nose rub and back of the neck scratch. Crossed arms signify the cold nature of the clients that can be handled by making the conservation more interactive and fun so that they can relate to it. A nose rub signifies that the individual is pretending to listen. Such a response can be handled by engaging the client that will make it interesting. 10.Once while attending a meeting with the manager, I was having some doubt regarding the objective of the project. However, I was hesitant to ask and did scratch the back of my neck few times during the meeting. My manager was observant to understand my non-verbal communication and clarified my doubts later regarding the project objectives separately after the meeting was over. 11.I plan to become a more assertive communicator as a LPN by being confident and not being pushy. This will help me in letting others know what I want confidently. Additionally, active listening, being clear without being confused will help me become a more assertive communicator as a licensed practice nurse (LPN). The common barriers that might be encountered are being pushy and pretending to hear rather than listening accurately References Burgoon, J. K., Guerrero, L. K., Floyd, K. (2016). Nonverbal communication. Routledge. Knapp, M. L., Hall, J. A., Horgan, T. G. (2013). Nonverbal communication in human interaction. Cengage Learning. Leathers, D. G., Eaves, M. (2015). Successful nonverbal communication: Principles and applications. Routledge. Lemonnier, P. (2012). Mundane objects: Materiality and non-verbal communication (Vol. 10). Left Coast Press. Secrets of body language HD. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 21 November 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DHcn7KXMZ0 Siegman, A. W. (2014). Nonverbal behavior and communication. Psychology Press.